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What
today appears as a fairy tale of a young girl's magical dream began as a
morbid story filled with dark undertones. E.T.A Hoffman, the author of
"The Nutcracker and the Mouse King," never intended the story to be
for children, as his words portrayed a bleak view of humanity and
relationships.
Published
in 1816, Hoffman's tale would undergo revision by Alexander Dumas,
eliminating much of the bitterness to adapt the tale as a children's story.
The new version was read with interest by Marius Petipa, the senior ballet
master of the Russian Imperial Ballet, who asked Piotr Ilyich
Tchaikovsky to compose a score for a full-length "Nutcracker"
production.
The
story would later be simplified, but with the music left intact, and was
created as a holiday tale that has lasted for generations.
Hoffman's
plot centers around a young German girl named Marie who lived in a loveless
house. The only warmth in Marie's life is a strange love she holds for her
Nutcracker doll, a gift from her Godfather Drosselmeyer at the family
Christmas party.
At night
after the party is over, hundreds of mice appear from cracks in the room, led
by the vicious Mouse King with seven heads. He blackmails Marie into giving
him all of her marzipan dolls by threatening to dismember her prized
Nutcracker doll.
The
Nutcracker eventually comes to life and attempts to fight off the Mouse King,
but is easily beaten. Marie retaliates by throwing her slipper at the Mouse
King and fainting immediately after. There was no outcome to the battle in
this portion of Hoffman's tale.
The next
time the reader sees Marie, she is lying in a pool of blood surrounded by her
family and a doctor. She apparently has cut her arm on the glass of a toy
cabinet that fell on her and she has nearly bled to death.
Instead
of comfort, her family scolds her and sentences her to her room until she
will admit that she is a naughty child. While Marie is recovering,
Drosselmeyer comes to visit and ends up telling her another story about the
Mouse King and the Nutcracker. Here Hoffman tells a story within a story:
The feud
of the Nutcracker and the Mouse King is legendary according to Drosselmeyer.
In the beginning, a beautiful princess Pirlipat is cursed to become forever
ugly by the Mouse King's mother who is avenging the death of several of her
sons at the hands of the princess' father.
The only
way to stop the curse is for a brave and handsome man to find the hardest nut
in the world, crack it with his teeth, and deliver the kernel to the princess
to eat. To sweeten the hunt, the king has promised his daughter's hand in
marriage and a grand money award to anyone who can break the curse.
At the
final moment when the curse is to take effect, Drosselmeyer's nephew appears
with the prized nut and offers her the kernel. The moment she swallows the
nut, she turns into a breathtakingly beautiful woman.
At the
same time, young Drosselmeyer becomes repulsively ugly with elongated
features like those of a wooden nutcracker (hence the name). No one ever
bothered to tell him that he would inherit the curse in place of the
princess.
Instead
of a fairy tale ending, the princess is repelled by Drosselmeyer's ugliness
and has her father banish him permanently from the kingdom or face execution.
In the commotion, Drosselmeyer accidentally steps on the Mouse King's mother
and kills her, prompting eternal vengeance on the Nutcracker.
At this
point, Hoffman returns to the main story, where another battle begins. This
time, the Mouse King is killed by the Nutcracker and he sweeps Marie off into
another kingdom where he is a prince. At the end of their journey through
this wondrous place, which also turns out to be the end of the evening, Marie
is brought back to her bedroom.
The
story closes on a bright note as Marie meets and marries Drosselmeyer's
nephew, but the abrupt ending and change of good fortune appear to be added
on to disguise all of the bitterness in previous portions of Hoffman's story.
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